/* ar5iv 0.8.5 (LaTeXML document styles), scoped under .paper-surface. Source: arxiv.org */
.paper-surface{
  --main-width: 52rem;
  --main-width-margin: 54rem;
  
  --headings-font-family: "Noto Sans", "Noto Sans Fallback", sans-serif;
  --text-font-family: "Noto Serif", "Noto Serif Fallback", serif;
  --math-font-family: "latin modern math", "Cambria Math", math;
  
  --math-caligraphic-font-family: "latin modern math", "Cambria Math", math;
  --code-font-family: "Noto Sans Mono", "Noto Sans Mono Fallback", monospace;
  --svg-text-size: 0.82em;
  
  --background-color: white;
  --text-color: #292929;
  --border-color: #292929;
  --border-light-color: grey;
  --image-color: black;
  --image-background-color: white;
  --link-text-color: #212121;
  --email-link-color: #026ecb;
  --note-mark-color: #026ecb;
  --note-highlight-color: #ffffd4;
  --info-text-color: #01719d;
  --warning-text-color: #d09e05;
  --error-text-color: #d8000c;
  --fatal-text-color: var(--error-text-color);
  --index-ref-color: var(--email-link-color); 
}
.paper-surface img{
  filter: none;
  background-color: var(--image-background-color);
  color: var(--image-color);
}
.paper-surface [style*="--ltx-fg-color:"]{
  --text-color: var(--ltx-fg-color);
  color: var(--text-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_foreignobject_content{
  color: var(--text-color);
}
.paper-surface [style*="--ltx-bg-color:"]{
  --background-color: var(--ltx-bg-color);
  background-color: var(--background-color);
}
.paper-surface [style*="--ltx-border-color:"]{
  --border-color: var(--ltx-border-color);
  border-color: var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface [style*="--ltx-fill-color:"]{
  fill: var(--ltx-fill-color);
}
.paper-surface [style*="--ltx-stroke-color:"]{
  stroke: var(--ltx-stroke-color);
}
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"]{
  --background-color: #0d1117;
  --text-color: #c9d1d9;
  --border-color: #c9d1d9;
  --border-light-color: #d4d4d4;
  --link-text-color: #c9d1d9;
  --email-link-color: darkcyan;
  --note-mark-color: #daa002;
  --note-highlight-color: #231d02;
  
  --error-text-color: #d52f36;
  
  --image-color: #292929;
  --image-background-color: white;
}
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] img{
  filter: brightness(0.8) contrast(1.2);
  background-color: var(--image-background-color);
  color: var(--image-color);
}
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] svg.ltx_picture{
  padding: 0.33rem;
}
@supports (color: oklch( calc(1 - 0.5) 0.1 250)){.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-fg-color:"]{
    --text-color:  oklch(from var(--ltx-fg-color) calc(1 - 0.7 * l) c h);
    color: var(--text-color);
  }
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-bg-color:"]{
    --background-color: oklch(from var(--ltx-bg-color) calc(1 - 0.8237 * l) c h);
    background-color: var(--background-color);
  }
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-border-color:"]{
    --border-color: oklch(from var(--ltx-border-color) calc(1 - 0.7 * l) c h);
    border-color: var(--border-color);
  }
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-fill-color:"]{
    --fill-color: hsl(from var(--ltx-fill-color) h s calc(107 - l));
    fill: var(--fill-color)
  }
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-stroke-color:"]{
    --stroke-color: hsl(from var(--ltx-stroke-color) h s calc(100 - l));
    stroke: var(--stroke-color);
  }}
@supports not (color: oklch(calc(1 - 0.5) 0.1 250)){.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-fg-color:"]{
    --text-color: hsl(from var(--ltx-fg-color) h s calc(100 - l));
    color: var(--text-color);
  }
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-bg-color:"]{
    --background-color: hsl(from var(--ltx-bg-color) h s calc(107 - l));
    background-color: var(--background-color);
  }
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-border-color:"]{
    --border-color: hsl(from var(--ltx-border-color) h s calc(100 - l));
    border-color: var(--border-color);
  }
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-fill-color:"]{
    --fill-color: hsl(from var(--ltx-fill-color) h s calc(107 - l));
    fill: var(--fill-color)
  }
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-stroke-color:"]{
    --stroke-color: hsl(from var(--ltx-stroke-color) h s calc(100 - l));
    stroke: var(--stroke-color);
  }}
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] .ltx_foreignobject_content{
  color: var(--text-color);
}
.paper-surface [data-theme="dark"] [style*="--ltx-fg-color:#000000;"]{
  --text-color: #c9d1d9;
  color: var(--text-color);
}
.paper-surface{
  margin: 0;
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  color: var(--text-color);
  background-color: var(--background-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_page_main{
  width: 100%;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_page_content{
  margin: 4rem 1rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  clear: both;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_page_header{
  border-bottom: 0.1em solid;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_page_footer{
  clear: both;
  text-align: right;
  width: auto;
  margin: auto;
  border-top: 0.1em solid;
  max-width: var(--main-width);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_page_logo{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  font-size: 1rem;
  text-align: right;
  padding: 0.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_page_logo > a{
  
  border-bottom: 0.063rem dotted var(--link-text-color);
  color: var(--link-text-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_page_header:after, .paper-surface .ltx_page_footer:after, .paper-surface .ltx_page_content:after{
  content: ".";
  display: block;
  height: 0;
  clear: both;
  visibility: hidden;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_page_footer:before{
  content: ".";
  display: block;
  height: 0;
  clear: both;
  visibility: hidden;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_document{
  margin: auto;
  max-width: var(--main-width);
  margin-top: 2rem;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_para, .paper-surface .ltx_abstract .ltx_p, .paper-surface .ltx_acknowledgements{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
  hyphens: auto;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_figure + .ltx_para, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure + .ltx_para{
  clear: both;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_p{
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  
  text-indent: 0rem;
  white-space: normal;
  
  margin-top: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_text{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tag .ltx_text{
  font-family: inherit;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_indent > .ltx_p:first-child, .paper-surface section.ltx_pruned_first > .ltx_title + .ltx_para > .ltx_p, .paper-surface section.ltx_indent_first > .ltx_title + .ltx_para > .ltx_p{
  text-indent: 2em !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_noindent > .ltx_p:first-child{
  text-indent: 0rem !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_pagination.ltx_role_newpage{
  
  margin-top: 2rem;
  display: block;
}
.paper-surface math, .paper-surface mjx-container{
  font-family: var(--math-font-family);
  word-wrap: break-word;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper-surface mtd{
  padding: 0.1rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_markedasmath{
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_ref{
  border-bottom: 0.063rem dotted var(--link-text-color);
  color: var(--link-text-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_ref > .ltx_graphics{
  border-bottom: none;
  display: inline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_cite{
  font-style: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_cite + .ltx_cite{
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_td .ltx_cite{
  white-space: pre-wrap;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_cite .ltx_font_italic{
  font-style: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_cite > .ltx_ref{
  white-space: nowrap;
  
  display: inline-block;
  line-height: 1.4rem;
  
  text-indent: 0;
}
.paper-surface article > div:not(.ltx_minipage) > img:first-of-type{
  max-width: 30rem;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title.ltx_title_document{
  font-weight: normal;
  
  
  font-size: 1.7rem !important;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_subtitle{
  font-family: var(--headings-font-family);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_subtitle .ltx_text{
  font-family: inherit;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_authors{
  display: flex;
  flex-flow: row wrap;
  width: auto;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  object-fit: contain;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_personname{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  font-size: 1rem;
  display: inline-block;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  min-width: calc(0.27 * var(--main-width));
  max-width: calc(0.65 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_personname span:first{
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_personname br.ltx_break{
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_personname > br.ltx_break + span{
  display: inline-block;
  padding-top: 0.75em;
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_personname > .ltx_break + .ltx_break{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_personname math mtext[mathsize]{
  font-size: inherit !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_para > .ltx_break:first-child:last-child{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_creator{
  flex: 1 1 0px;
  max-width: 100%;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  width: auto;
  align-items: center;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_creator br.ltx_break{
  flex-basis: 100%;
  height: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_author_before, .paper-surface .ltx_author_after{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_dates{
  margin-top: 0rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_role_author + .ltx_role_author{
  margin-left: 2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_affiliation_institution, .paper-surface .ltx_affiliation_department, .paper-surface .ltx_affiliation_country{
  margin-left: 0.25rem;
  margin-right: 0.25rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_authors:has(> :nth-child(2)):not(:has(> *:not(:last-child) .ltx_role_address)) :last-child.ltx_role_address, .paper-surface .ltx_authors:has(> :nth-child(2)):not(:has(> *:not(:last-child) .ltx_role_affiliation)) :last-child.ltx_role_affiliation{
    position: absolute;
    display: block;
    margin: 2rem auto;
    text-align: center;
    width: var(--main-width);
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_authors:has(> :nth-child(2)):not(:has(> *:not(:last-child) .ltx_role_address)):has( :last-child.ltx_role_address), .paper-surface .ltx_authors:has(> :nth-child(2)):not(:has(> *:not(:last-child) .ltx_role_affiliation)):has( :last-child.ltx_role_affiliation){
  margin-bottom: 4rem;
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_role_affiliation:not(.ltx_note)
  + span.ltx_role_affiliation:not(.ltx_note), .paper-surface span.ltx_role_orcid + span.ltx_role_affiliation:not(.ltx_note){
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  display: block;
}
.paper-surface div.ltx_keywords:empty:before{
  content: "Keywords: ";
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_keywords, .paper-surface .ltx_classification{
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  font-weight: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title.ltx_title_keywords, .paper-surface .ltx_title.ltx_title_classification{
  display: inline;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title > br.ltx_break{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_date{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 120%;
  margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note{
  position: relative;
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
  hyphens: auto;
  word-spacing: -0.05rem;
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: 0.85em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note + .ltx_note{
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note_outer{
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark{
  position: relative;
  top: -0.2em;
  max-height: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.85em;
  color: var(--note-mark-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note_content{
  display: block;
  opacity: 100;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  margin: 0.6rem;
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  white-space: normal;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_author_notes{
  display: block;
  opacity: 100;
  
  width: fit-content;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 0.2rem;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 46rem){.paper-surface .ltx_note_outer{
    width: 20rem;
  }}
@media only screen and (min-width: 46.01rem) and (max-width: 51.99rem){.paper-surface .ltx_note_outer{
    width: 46rem;
  }}
@media only screen and (min-width: 52rem) and (max-width: 95.99rem){.paper-surface .ltx_note_outer{
    width: 50rem;
  }}
@media only screen and (min-width: 96rem) and (max-width: 108.99rem){.paper-surface .ltx_note_outer{
    width: 20rem;
    margin-right: -24rem;
  }}
@media only screen and (min-width: 109rem){.paper-surface .ltx_note_outer{
    width: 27rem;
    margin-right: -31rem;
  }}
@media only screen and (max-width: 95.99rem){.paper-surface .ltx_note_outer{
    display: none;
    opacity: 0;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note_content{
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    width: 90%;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note:not(.ltx_note_frontmatter):not(.ltx_role_affiliationmark):not(
      .ltx_role_footnotemark
    ):hover
    > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_note:not(.ltx_note_frontmatter):not(.ltx_role_affiliationmark):not(
      .ltx_role_footnotemark
    ):active
    > .ltx_note_outer{
    display: block;
    opacity: 100;
    z-index: 100;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    margin: auto;
    padding: 2rem;
    background-color: var(--background-color);
    border-width: 0.1rem 0;
    border-bottom: double;
    border-top: double;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter{
    display: block;
    opacity: 100;
    opacity: inherit;
    text-align: left;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter > .ltx_note_mark{
    display: none;
    opacity: 0;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter .ltx_note_outer{
    display: block;
    opacity: 100;
    opacity: inherit;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter .ltx_note_content{
    border: none;
    margin-left: 0px;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter .ltx_note_content > .ltx_note_mark{
    display: inline;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_authors > .ltx_note .ltx_note_mark{
    display: none;
    opacity: 0;
  }}
@media only screen and (min-width: 96rem){.paper-surface .ltx_note_outer{
    display: block;
    opacity: 100;
    position: relative;
    clear: both;
    float: right;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-right: 3rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note_content{
    border-style: double none none none;
    border-width: 0.1rem 0;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note_content > .ltx_note_mark{
    position: absolute;
    display: block;
    opacity: 100;
    margin-top: -1.8rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark:hover + .ltx_note_outer .ltx_note_content, .paper-surface .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark:active + .ltx_note_outer .ltx_note_content, .paper-surface .ltx_title.ltx_title_document > .ltx_role_affiliation > .ltx_note_mark:hover + .ltx_note_outer .ltx_note_content, .paper-surface .ltx_title.ltx_title_document > .ltx_role_affiliation > .ltx_note_mark:active + .ltx_note_outer .ltx_note_content, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes > .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark:hover + .ltx_note_outer .ltx_note_content, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes > span > .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark:hover + .ltx_note_outer .ltx_note_content{
    background-color: var(--note-highlight-color);
    z-index: 100;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_title.ltx_title_document .ltx_note_outer{
    display: block;
    opacity: 100;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_title.ltx_title_document .ltx_note_type{
    display: none;
    opacity: 0;
  }
.paper-surface th .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface td .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_th .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_td .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface figcaption .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_role_affiliation > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes > .ltx_note .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes > span > .ltx_note .ltx_note_outer{
    display: none;
    opacity: 0;
  }
.paper-surface th .ltx_note_content, .paper-surface td .ltx_note_content, .paper-surface figcaption .ltx_note_content{
    font-weight: normal;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    width: 90%;
  }
.paper-surface th .ltx_note:hover > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface th .ltx_note:active > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_th .ltx_note:hover > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_th .ltx_note:active > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface td .ltx_note:hover > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface td .ltx_note:active > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_td .ltx_note:hover > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_td .ltx_note:active > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface figcaption .ltx_note:hover > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface figcaption .ltx_note:active > .ltx_note_outer{
    display: block;
    opacity: 100;
    z-index: 100;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    margin: auto;
    padding: 2rem;
    background-color: var(--background-color);
    border-width: 0.1rem 0;
    border-bottom: double;
    border-top: double;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_role_affiliation > .ltx_note_mark:hover + .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_role_affiliation > .ltx_note_mark:active + .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_personname .ltx_role_footnote > .ltx_note_mark:hover + .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_personname .ltx_role_footnote > .ltx_note_mark:active + .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes > .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark:hover + .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes
    > span
    > .ltx_note
    > .ltx_note_mark:hover
    + .ltx_note_outer{
    display: block;
    opacity: 100;
    z-index: 100;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_personname .ltx_role_footnote .ltx_note_outer{
    display: none;
    opacity: 0;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext .ltx_note_outer{
    position: absolute;
    left: var(--main-width-margin);
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext:nth-of-type(2) .ltx_note_outer{
    top: 8rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext:nth-of-type(3) .ltx_note_outer{
    top: 16rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext:nth-of-type(4) .ltx_note_outer{
    top: 24rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext:nth-of-type(5) .ltx_note_outer{
    top: 32rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext:nth-of-type(6) .ltx_note_outer{
    top: 40rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext:nth-of-type(7) .ltx_note_outer{
    top: 48rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext:nth-of-type(8) .ltx_note_outer{
    top: 56rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_abstract > .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark, .paper-surface .ltx_title_document > .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark, .paper-surface .ltx_document > .ltx_note > .ltx_note_mark, .paper-surface .ltx_document > .ltx_note:not(.ltx_role_footnotetext) > .ltx_note_outer > .ltx_note_content > .ltx_note_mark, .paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter > .ltx_note_mark, .paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter > .ltx_note_outer > .ltx_note_content > .ltx_note_mark, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes > .ltx_note  > .ltx_note_outer .ltx_note_mark, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes > span > .ltx_note > .ltx_note_outer .ltx_note_mark{
    display: none;
    opacity: 0;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter .ltx_note_content{
    border: none;
    margin-bottom: 0rem;
    padding-bottom: 0rem;
    margin-top: 0rem;
    padding-top: 0rem;
  }
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_note_frontmatter > .ltx_note_outer{
    margin-bottom: 0rem;
    padding-bottom: 0rem;
  }}
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotetext .ltx_note_type{
  display: none;
  opacity: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_margin .ltx_note_type{
  display: none;
  opacity: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_affiliationmark > .ltx_note_mark, .paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotemark > .ltx_note_mark{
  color: var(--text-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_affiliationmark > .ltx_note_outer, .paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_role_footnotemark > .ltx_note_outer{
  display: none !important;
  opacity: 0 !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note.ltx_marginpar_left{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title{
  font-size: 100%;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-family: var(--headings-font-family);
  text-wrap: balance;
  max-inline-size: 52rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_abstract{
  margin-top: 4rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_abstract, .paper-surface .ltx_TOC > h6, .paper-surface .ltx_title_contents{
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-top: 0;
  color: var(--text-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-family: var(--headings-font-family);
  line-height: 1.15rem;
  
  box-sizing: border-box;
  list-style: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_abstract p:first-of-type{
  
  text-indent: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_role_dedicatory{
  font-size: 100%;
  font-style: italic;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 1em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_role_email{
  display: block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_role_email > a{
  color: var(--email-link-color);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_TOC{
  margin-top: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.paper-surface ul.ltx_toclist{
  padding-left: 2.5rem;
}
.paper-surface ul.ltx_toclist > .ltx_tocentry:first-of-type{
  margin-top: 0.3rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_TOC > ul.ltx_toclist{
  padding-left: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_TOC > .ltx_toclist > .ltx_tocentry{
  list-style-type: none;
  margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tocentry{
  list-style-type: none;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_TOC > .ltx_toclist > .ltx_tocentry > a.ltx_ref{
  display: inline-block;
  border-bottom: none;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_part > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title > .ltx_tag, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_chapter > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title > .ltx_tag, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_section > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title > .ltx_tag, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_appendix > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title > .ltx_tag{
  margin-right: 1rem;
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 1.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_toclist_part
  > .ltx_tocentry_chapter
  > .ltx_ref
  > .ltx_ref_title
  > .ltx_tag{
  min-width: 0.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_part .ltx_tocentry_chapter > .ltx_ref, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_chapter .ltx_tocentry_section > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_subsection > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_appendix > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_part .ltx_tocentry_chapter > .ltx_ref, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_chapter .ltx_tocentry_section > .ltx_ref, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_subsection > .ltx_ref, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_subsubsection > .ltx_ref, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_appendix > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title{
  border-bottom: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_part
  .ltx_tocentry_chapter
  > .ltx_ref
  > .ltx_ref_title
  > .ltx_tag_ref, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_chapter
  .ltx_tocentry_section
  > .ltx_ref
  > .ltx_ref_title
  > .ltx_tag_ref, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_subsection > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title > .ltx_tag_ref, .paper-surface .ltx_tocentry_subsubsection > .ltx_ref > .ltx_ref_title > .ltx_tag_ref{
  border-bottom: 0.063rem dotted var(--link-text-color);
  width: min-content;
  display: inline-block;
  line-height: 1.1rem;
  margin-right: 0.3rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_toclist > .ltx_tocentry_abstract, .paper-surface .ltx_toclist > .ltx_tocentry_acknowledgements, .paper-surface .ltx_toclist > .ltx_tocentry_paragraph, .paper-surface .ltx_toclist > .ltx_tocentry_bibliography{
  margin-left: 2.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tag_part, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_chapter, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_appendix, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_section, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_subsection, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_subsubsection{
  display: inline-block;
  padding-right: 1rem;
  min-width: 1.33em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tag_table, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_figure{
  display: inline-block;
  padding-right: 0.2rem;
  min-width: 1.33em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_part, .paper-surface .ltx_title_chapter{
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_section, .paper-surface .ltx_title_acknowledgements, .paper-surface .ltx_title_appendix, .paper-surface .ltx_title_index, .paper-surface .ltx_title_bibliography, .paper-surface span.ltx_font_bold > .ltx_break:last-child{
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_font_bold > .ltx_break:last-child{
  margin-top: 2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_subsection{
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_subsubsection{
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_paragraph{
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-right: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_subparagraph{
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  display: inline;
  margin: 0rem 1rem 0rem 2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_section .ltx_subparagraph > .ltx_para:first-of-type > .ltx_p{
  text-indent: 2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_runin{
  display: inline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_runin:after{
  content: " ";
}
.paper-surface .ltx_runin + .ltx_para, .paper-surface .ltx_runin + .ltx_para p:first-child, .paper-surface .ltx_runin + p:first-child{
  display: inline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_outdent{
  margin-left: -2em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_part, .paper-surface .ltx_chapter{
  margin-bottom: 5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_section, .paper-surface .ltx_bibliography{
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_subsection{
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_subsubsection{
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_section .ltx_para:first-of-type .ltx_p:first-of-type{
  
  text-indent: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_theorem, .paper-surface .ltx_proof{
  margin: 2rem 0rem 1rem 0rem;
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
  hyphens: auto;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_item > .ltx_theorem{
  margin-left: 1em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_theorem > .ltx_para{
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_theorem, .paper-surface .ltx_title_proof{
  font-family: var(--headings-font-family);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  display: inline;
  padding-right: 0.25em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_bibliography dt{
  margin-right: 0.5em;
  float: left;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_bibliography dd{
  margin-left: clamp(1em, 4.5%, 3em);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_bibitem{
  display: table;
  table-layout: fixed;
  list-style-type: none;
  width: 100%;
  padding-bottom: 0.75em;
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_bibitem .ltx_tag{
  display: table-cell;
  position: relative;
  left: -2.5rem;
  top: 0.24rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  text-align: left;
  
  
  vertical-align: text-top;
  word-break: normal;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 52rem){.paper-surface .ltx_bibitem .ltx_tag{
    display: block;
    padding-bottom: 0.33em;
    width: 36%;
  }}
@media only screen and (min-width: 52.01rem){.paper-surface .ltx_bibitem .ltx_tag{
    width: 14%;
  }}
.paper-surface .ltx_bibitem .ltx_bibblock{
  display: inline-block;
  text-align: left;
  padding-left: 0.5em;
  max-width: 40rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  vertical-align: text-top;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_bib_title{
  font-style: italic;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_bib_article .bib-title{
  font-style: normal !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_bib_journal{
  font-style: italic;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_bib_volume{
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tag_bibitem ~ *:active, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_bibitem ~ *:hover, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_bibitem:active ~ *, .paper-surface .ltx_tag_bibitem:hover ~ *{
  background-color: var(--note-highlight-color);
  z-index: 100;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_indexlist{
  columns: 2;
  -webkit-columns: 2;
  -moz-columns: 2;
  list-style-type: none;
  padding-left: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_indexentry > .ltx_indexlist{
  columns: 1;
  -webkit-columns: 1;
  -moz-columns: 1;
  margin: 0.2rem 1rem 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_indexentry{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.15rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_indexrefs .ltx_ref{
  color: var(--index-ref-color);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper-surface section.ltx_conversion_report > .ltx_para{
  background: whitesmoke;
  width: var(--main-width);
  padding: 0.1rem 1rem 0.1rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  font-family: var(--code-font-family);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  word-break: break-word;
}
.paper-surface section.ltx_conversion_report > .ltx_para > .ltx_p{
  text-align: left;
  line-height: 1rem;
}
.paper-surface :not(.ltx_quote) > blockquote.ltx_quote:not(.ltx_epigraph){
  border-left: 0.188rem solid var(--border-color);
  font-size: 1em;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.5em;
  margin: 1.1em 0rem;
  padding: 0.5em 2em;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 0;
}
.paper-surface :not(.ltx_quote) > blockquote.ltx_quote:not(.ltx_epigraph):before{
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: -0.25rem;
  height: 2rem;
  background-color: var(--background-color);
  width: 0.25rem;
  margin-top: -1rem;
}
.paper-surface :not(.ltx_quote) > blockquote.ltx_quote:not(.ltx_epigraph):after{
  content: "“";
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: -0.6rem;
  color: var(--border-color);
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  line-height: 2rem;
  text-align: center;
  width: 1rem;
  margin-top: -0.7rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_quote > .ltx_p:last-child{
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_quote > .ltx_break:last-child{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_quote .ltx_break + .ltx_break + .ltx_break{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_quote > .ltx_break:first-child, .paper-surface .ltx_quote > .ltx_break:first-child + .ltx_break, .paper-surface .ltx_quote > .ltx_break:first-child + .ltx_break + .ltx_break{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface blockquote.ltx_epigraph{
  width: calc(0.5 * var(--main-width)) !important;
  margin-left: calc(0.45 * var(--main-width)) !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_authors + .ltx_para:has(+ .ltx_section) > blockquote.ltx_quote:only-child, .paper-surface .ltx_titlepage:not(:has(.ltx_abstract)) > blockquote.ltx_quote:last-child, .paper-surface .ltx_abstract > .ltx_title_abstract + blockquote.ltx_quote:last-child{
  max-width: 90%;
  margin: auto;
  border-left: initial;
  font-size: initial;
  font-style: initial;
  line-height: initial;
  padding: initial;
  position: initial;
  z-index: initial;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_p, .paper-surface .ltx_quote, .paper-surface .ltx_block, .paper-surface .ltx_logical-block, .paper-surface .ltx_para{
  display: block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_inline-quote, .paper-surface .ltx_quote.ltx_outerquote, .paper-surface .ltx_quote.ltx_innerquote{
  display: inline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_left{
  text-align: left;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_right{
  text-align: right;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_center{
  text-align: center;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_justify{
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
  hyphens: auto;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_top{
  vertical-align: top;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_bottom{
  vertical-align: bottom;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_middle{
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_baseline{
  vertical-align: baseline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_floatleft{
  float: left;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_align_floatright{
  float: right;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_td.ltx_align_left, .paper-surface .ltx_th.ltx_align_left, .paper-surface .ltx_td.ltx_align_right, .paper-surface .ltx_th.ltx_align_right, .paper-surface .ltx_td.ltx_align_center, .paper-surface .ltx_th.ltx_align_center{
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_td.ltx_align_left.ltx_wrap, .paper-surface .ltx_th.ltx_align_left.ltx_wrap, .paper-surface .ltx_td.ltx_align_right.ltx_wrap, .paper-surface .ltx_th.ltx_align_right.ltx_wrap, .paper-surface .ltx_td.ltx_align_center.ltx_wrap, .paper-surface .ltx_th.ltx_align_center.ltx_wrap, .paper-surface .ltx_td.ltx_align_justify, .paper-surface .ltx_th.ltx_align_justify{
  white-space: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_graphics{
  display: block;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 52rem){.paper-surface .ltx_graphics{
    max-width: 95%;
  }}
@media only screen and (min-width: 52.01rem){.paper-surface .ltx_graphics{
    max-width: var(--main-width);
  }}
.paper-surface .ltx_caption .ltx_graphics, .paper-surface .ltx_personname .ltx_graphics, .paper-surface .ltx_author_notes .ltx_graphics{
  display: inline-block;
}
.paper-surface :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
  > :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
  > .ltx_img_landscape{
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: calc(var(--main-width) / 1.66);
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
}
.paper-surface :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
  > :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
  > .ltx_img_portrait{
  max-height: var(--main-width);
  max-width: calc(var(--main-width) / 1.33);
  width: auto;
}
.paper-surface :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
  > :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
  > .ltx_img_square{
  max-height: calc(var(--main-width) / 1.33);
  width: auto;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 52rem){.paper-surface :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
    > :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
    > .ltx_img_portrait{
    height: auto;
  }
.paper-surface :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
    > :not(mtext):not(.ltx_flex_cell)
    > .ltx_img_square{
    height: auto;
  }}
.paper-surface :not(.ltx_eqn_cell) > math mtext img.ltx_img_landscape, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_eqn_cell) > math mtext img.ltx_img_portrait, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_eqn_cell) > math mtext img.ltx_img_square, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_eqn_cell) > math mtext object.ltx_img_landscape, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_eqn_cell) > math mtext object.ltx_img_portrait, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_eqn_cell) > math mtext object.ltx_img_square, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_flex_cell):not(.ltx_figure):not(.ltx_transformed_inner):not(.ltx_td):not(.ltx_th) > .ltx_p:not(.ltx_align_center) img.ltx_img_landscape, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_flex_cell):not(.ltx_figure):not(.ltx_transformed_inner):not(.ltx_td):not(.ltx_th) > .ltx_p:not(.ltx_align_center) img.ltx_img_portrait, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_flex_cell):not(.ltx_figure):not(.ltx_transformed_inner):not(.ltx_td):not(.ltx_th) > .ltx_p:not(.ltx_align_center) img.ltx_img_square, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_flex_cell):not(.ltx_figure):not(.ltx_transformed_inner):not(.ltx_td):not(.ltx_th) > .ltx_p:not(.ltx_align_center) object.ltx_img_landscape, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_flex_cell):not(.ltx_figure):not(.ltx_transformed_inner):not(.ltx_td):not(.ltx_th) > .ltx_p:not(.ltx_align_center) object.ltx_img_portrait, .paper-surface :not(.ltx_flex_cell):not(.ltx_figure):not(.ltx_transformed_inner):not(.ltx_td):not(.ltx_th) > .ltx_p:not(.ltx_align_center) object.ltx_img_square{
  width: 1rem;
  
  
  
  min-width: 1rem !important;
  min-height: 1rem !important;
}
.paper-surface mtext > .ltx_graphics, .paper-surface .ltx_markedasmath > .ltx_graphics, .paper-surface .ltx_markedasmath.ltx_graphics{
  display: inline;
  
  max-width: calc(0.9 * var(--main-width)) !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell .ltx_img_landscape, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell .ltx_img_portrait, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell .ltx_img_square{
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: var(--main-width);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_note_content .ltx_graphics{
  max-width: 10rem;
  max-height: 3rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure{
  display: flex;
  flex-flow: row wrap;
  width: auto;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: flex-end;
  object-fit: contain;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_graphics, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_figure, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_float, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_minipage, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_graphics.ltx_centering{
  margin: 0.1rem 1px 0.1rem;
  width: 100%;
  max-height: 100%;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_minipage, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_inline-block{
  width: 100% !important;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 46rem){.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_1{
    min-width: 20rem;
  }}
@media only screen and (min-width: 46.01rem){.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_1{
    min-width: 25rem;
  }}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_2 img.ltx_graphics{
  min-width: 20rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_3 img.ltx_graphics{
  min-width: 15rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_4 img.ltx_graphics{
  min-width: 10rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure > .ltx_flex_cell img.ltx_graphics{
  min-width: 7rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_1, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_1 .ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_lstlisting.ltx_flex_size_1, .paper-surface .ltx_table.ltx_flex_size_1 .ltx_caption, .paper-surface .ltx_minipage.ltx_flex_size_1 .ltx_float .ltx_caption{
  max-width: var(--main-width);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure.ltx_flex_table .ltx_flex_size_2{
  max-width: calc(0.5 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_2, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_2.ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_2 .ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_lstlisting.ltx_flex_size_2, .paper-surface .ltx_table.ltx_flex_size_2 .ltx_caption, .paper-surface .ltx_minipage.ltx_flex_size_2 .ltx_float .ltx_caption{
  max-width: calc(0.5 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure.ltx_flex_table .ltx_flex_size_3{
  max-width: calc(0.33 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_3, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_3.ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_3 .ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_lstlisting.ltx_flex_size_3, .paper-surface .ltx_table.ltx_flex_size_3 .ltx_caption, .paper-surface .ltx_minipage.ltx_flex_size_3 .ltx_float .ltx_caption{
  max-width: calc(0.33 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure.ltx_flex_table .ltx_flex_size_4, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure.ltx_flex_table .ltx_flex_size_many{
  max-width: calc(0.25 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_4, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_4.ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_4 .ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_lstlisting.ltx_flex_size_4, .paper-surface .ltx_table.ltx_flex_size_4 .ltx_caption, .paper-surface .ltx_minipage.ltx_flex_size_4 .ltx_float .ltx_caption{
  max-width: calc(0.25 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure.ltx_flex_table .ltx_flex_size_many{
  max-width: calc(0.28 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell.ltx_flex_size_many, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_many.ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_many .ltx_tabular, .paper-surface .ltx_lstlisting.ltx_flex_size_many, .paper-surface .ltx_table.ltx_flex_size_many .ltx_caption, .paper-surface .ltx_minipage.ltx_flex_size_many .ltx_float .ltx_caption{
  max-width: calc(0.25 * var(--main-width));
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure .ltx_flex_cell{
  flex: 1 1 0px;
  margin: 0.1rem 1px 0.1rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure .ltx_flex_break{
  flex-basis: 100%;
  height: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_figure{
  margin: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure .ltx_tabular .ltx_td, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure .ltx_tabular .ltx_th{
  padding: 0.1rem 0.2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_figure img{
  color: var(--image-color);
  background-color: var(--image-background-color);
  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
  -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease;
  -ms-transition: all 0.2s ease;
  -o-transition: all 0.2s ease;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_figure img:active, .paper-surface .ltx_p > img.ltx_graphics:active, .paper-surface .ltx_text > img.ltx_graphics:active{
  -webkit-transform: scale(1.8); 
  -moz-transform: scale(1.8); 
  -ms-transform: scale(1.8); 
  -o-transform: scale(1.8); 
  transform: scale(1.8);
  overflow: visible;
  
  background-color: white;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_p > img.ltx_graphics{
  display: inline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_para > svg:only-child{
  margin: auto;
  display: block;
  max-width: var(--main-width);
}
.paper-surface svg{
  
  z-index: -1;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 79.99rem){.paper-surface svg.ltx_picture{
    max-width: min(var(--main-width), 100%);
  }}
.paper-surface svg text, .paper-surface svg .ltx_foreignobject_content{
  line-height: 1rem;
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  
  font-size: var(--svg-text-size);
  text-align: left; }
.paper-surface foreignObject{
  
  --ltx-fo-width: 100%;
}
.paper-surface svg foreignObject > .ltx_foreignobject_container{
  display: flex;
  align-items: end; 
  width: clamp(calc(0.1 * var(--main-width)), var(--ltx-fo-width, var(--fo_width)), 100%);
  height: 100%;
}
.paper-surface svg foreignObject > .ltx_foreignobject_container{
  
  
  
  &:has( > .ltx_foreignobject_content > math:only-child) {
    align-items: center;
  }
  
  &:has(> .ltx_foreignobject_content > :not(:only-child)) {
    width: calc(1.1 * var(--ltx-fo-width, var(--fo_width)));
  }
  & > .ltx_foreignobject_content {
    display: block;
    & * {
      width: inherit !important;
      line-height: 1;
    }
    & .ltx_description,
    & .ltx_itemize,
    & .ltx_enumerate {
      margin-top: 0.2em;
      margin-left: 0.2em;
    }
    
    & .ltx_item + .ltx_item {
      margin-top: 0.2em;
    }
    & span.ltx_p:not(:last-child) {
      margin-bottom: 0.3em;
    }
    & .ltx_para {
      
      margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    }
  }
}
.paper-surface .ltx_svg_fog foreignObject{
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: visible;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_svg_fog foreignObject > p{
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_para > .ltx_tabular{
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_tabular{
  width: 100%;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular.ltx_tabbing{
  display: table;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_inline-logical-block, .paper-surface .ltx_inline-logical-block .ltx_para{
  display: inline;
  text-indent: 0px;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_inline-block, .paper-surface .ltx_inline-block .ltx_para{
  display: inline-block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_nodisplay{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_inline-block > .ltx_p{
  width: auto !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_title_document > .ltx_parbox, .paper-surface .ltx_title_document > .ltx_inline-block{
  width: auto !important;
}
.paper-surface :not(.ltx_flex_cell) > .ltx_figure{
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 4rem auto 4rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_table{
  text-align: center;
  margin: 4rem auto 4rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_table:not(:has(> .ltx_flex_table)){
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_table .ltx_caption{
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  max-width: max-content;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_caption{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_table .ltx_caption, .paper-surface .ltx_figure .ltx_caption{
  text-align: justify;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_figure .ltx_figure .ltx_caption{
  text-align: center;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_figure .ltx_parbox{
  text-align: justify;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_parbox{
  text-indent: 0rem;
  display: inline-block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_minipage{
  align-self: normal;
  display: inline-block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_minipage.ltx_align_center{
  align-self: center;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_minipage .ltx_float{
  display: inline-block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_minipage .ltx_float .ltx_caption{
  display: block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_minipage.ltx_align_middle{
  margin: auto;
  width: auto !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_minipage > .ltx_graphics{
  max-width: 100%;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_2 .ltx_tabular.ltx_minipage{
  margin: 1rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_3 .ltx_tabular.ltx_minipage{
  margin: 0.66rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_flex_size_4 .ltx_tabular.ltx_minipage{
  margin: 0.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_overlay{
  position: relative;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_overlay > span:nth-child(2){
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_listing{
  display: block;
  max-width: var(--main-width);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed > .ltx_listing{
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_listing > .ltx_framed_rectangle{
  
  border-style: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_listing .ltx_listingline{
  text-align: justify;
  white-space: nowrap;
  min-height: 1rem;
  display: block;
  
  font-size: 0.7rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_listing .ltx_tag_listingline{
  padding-right: 0.3rem;
  border-right: solid;
  border-width: thin;
  margin-right: 0.3rem;
  text-align: right;
  width: 1.3rem;
  display: inline-block;
  & > .ltx_text {
    
    word-break: keep-all;
    word-wrap: normal;
    
    
    font-size: 0.7rem !important;
  }
}
.paper-surface .ltx_lst_space{
  white-space: pre;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_listing_data{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_lstlisting.ltx_text{
  white-space: break-spaces;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_lstlisting.ltx_align_center{
  text-align: left;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_float{
  margin: 3.5rem auto 3.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_minipage > .ltx_float{
  margin: 0.2rem auto 0.2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_float .ltx_caption{
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
  hyphens: auto;
  border-top: solid var(--border-color);
  border-bottom: solid var(--border-color);
  border-width: 0.1rem;
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
  padding: 0.2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_rule{
  color: var(--border-color);
  
  vertical-align: middle;
  
  background-color: var(--border-color) !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_transformed_outer{
  width: auto !important;
  height: auto !important;
  vertical-align: initial !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_table > .ltx_inline-block > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_figure > .ltx_inline-block > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_table > .ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_figure > .ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_table.ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_figure.ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_inline-block.ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_tr:only-child > .ltx_td:only-child > .ltx_inline-block > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_tr:only-child > .ltx_td:only-child > .ltx_p:only-child > .ltx_inline-block > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_tr:only-child > .ltx_td:only-child > .ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_tr:only-child > .ltx_td:only-child > .ltx_p:only-child > .ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_para > .ltx_inline-block:only-child.ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner{
  transform: none !important;
  width: initial !important;
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_transformed_inner{
  display: inline-block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_transformed_inner > .ltx_p{
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_cell > .ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner, .paper-surface .ltx_flex_cell > .ltx_transformed_outer > .ltx_transformed_inner{
  transform: none !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_phantom{
  visibility: hidden;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_serif{
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_sansserif{
  font-family: var(--headings-font-family);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_typewriter{
  font-family: var(--code-font-family);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_bold{
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_medium{
  font-weight: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_italic{
  font-style: italic;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_upright{
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_slanted{
  font-style: oblique;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_smallcaps{
  font-variant: small-caps;
  font-style: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_font_mathcaligraphic{
  font-family: var(--math-caligraphic-font-family);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_italic{
  font-style: italic;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_bold{
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_bold-italic{
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_sans-serif{
  font-family: sans-serif;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant-bold-sans-serif{
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant-sans-serif-italic{
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-style: italic;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant-bold-sans-serif-italic{
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_monospace{
  font-family: monospace;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_double-struck{
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_script{
  font-family: var(--math-caligraphic-font-family), cursive;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_bold-script{
  font-family: var(--math-caligraphic-font-family), cursive;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_mathvariant_bold-fraktur{
  font-weight: bold;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_div{
  display: block;
  width: 95%;
  text-align: center;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_table{
  display: table;
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 0.65rem auto 0.65rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_row{
  display: table-row;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_cell{
  display: table-cell;
  width: auto;
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.3rem;
  padding-right: 0.2rem;
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_cell.ltx_eqn_eqno{
  width: 3em;
  
  
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tag.ltx_tag_equation, .paper-surface .ltx_tag.ltx_tag_equationgroup{
  font-size: 0.9em;
}
.paper-surface table.ltx_eqn_align tr.ltx_equation td.ltx_align_left + td.ltx_align_right, .paper-surface table.ltx_eqn_align tr.ltx_equation td.ltx_align_left + td.ltx_align_center, .paper-surface table.ltx_eqn_align tr.ltx_equation td.ltx_align_center + td.ltx_align_right, .paper-surface table.ltx_eqn_align tr.ltx_equation td.ltx_align_center + td.ltx_align_center{
  padding-left: 3em;
}
.paper-surface table.ltx_eqn_eqnarray tr.ltx_eqn_lefteqn + tr td.ltx_align_right{
  min-width: 2em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_eqno.ltx_align_right .ltx_tag{
  float: right;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_center_padleft, .paper-surface .ltx_eqn_center_padright{
  width: 50%;
  min-width: 2em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_left_padleft, .paper-surface .ltx_eqn_right_padright{
  min-width: 2em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_eqn_left_padright, .paper-surface .ltx_eqn_right_padleft{
  width: 100%;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_itemize, .paper-surface .ltx_enumerate, .paper-surface .ltx_description{
  display: block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_item > .ltx_para > .ltx_description, .paper-surface .ltx_item > .ltx_para > .ltx_itemize, .paper-surface .ltx_item > .ltx_para > .ltx_enumerate{
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_description .ltx_item, .paper-surface .ltx_itemize .ltx_item, .paper-surface .ltx_enumerate .ltx_item{
  display: list-item;
}
.paper-surface li.ltx_item > .ltx_tag{
  display: inline;
  margin-left: -2.5rem;
  padding-right: 0.5rem;
  text-align: right;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_item .ltx_tag + .ltx_para{
  vertical-align: top;
  display: inline-block;
  width: calc(100% - 0.5rem);
  & .ltx_p {
    display: inline;
  }
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_item .ltx_tag + span.ltx_para{
  display: inline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_item > .ltx_para > .ltx_p:first-child{
  text-indent: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_item > .ltx_para > .ltx_p{
  margin-top: 0rem;
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_item .ltx_para{
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
  display: inline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_item + .ltx_item{
  margin-top: 1em;
}
.paper-surface dt.ltx_item + dd.ltx_item{
  margin-top: 0;
}
.paper-surface dd.ltx_item + dt.ltx_item{
  margin-top: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface dl.ltx_description{
  list-style-type: none;
}
.paper-surface dl.ltx_description dt{
  margin-right: 0.5em;
  float: left;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 95%;
}
.paper-surface dl.ltx_description dd.ltx_item{
  margin-left: 3em;
  text-indent: 0rem;
}
.paper-surface dl.ltx_description dl.ltx_description dd{
  margin-left: 3em;
  margin-bottom: 0.75em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_table .ltx_itemize, .paper-surface .ltx_table .ltx_enumerate, .paper-surface .ltx_table .ltx_description{
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
  hyphens: auto;
  font-family: var(--text-font-family);
  line-height: 1.5rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular{
  display: inline-table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular.ltx_centering{
  display: table;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_graphics.ltx_centering, .paper-surface .ltx_picture.ltx_centering{
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  text-align: center;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_picture.ltx_centering{
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_thead, .paper-surface .ltx_tfoot, .paper-surface .ltx_tbody{
  display: table-row-group;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tr{
  display: table-row;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_td, .paper-surface .ltx_th{
  display: table-cell;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_td, .paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_th{
  padding: 0.1em 0.5em;
  max-width: var(--main-width);
  word-wrap: break-word;
  white-space: normal;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_td.ltx_nopad_l, .paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_th.ltx_nopad_l{
  padding-left: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_td.ltx_nopad_r, .paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_th.ltx_nopad_r{
  padding-right: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_tr td:first-child::after, .paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_tr th:first-child::after{
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  min-height: 1em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tabular .ltx_th.ltx_th_column{
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_t{
  border-top: 0.063rem solid var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_r{
  border-right: 0.063rem solid var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_b{
  border-bottom: 0.063rem solid var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_l{
  border-left: 0.063rem solid var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_tt{
  border-top: 0.188rem double var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_rr{
  border-right: 0.188rem double var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_bb{
  border-bottom: 0.188rem double var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_ll{
  border-left: 0.188rem double var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_T{
  border-top: 0.063rem solid var(--border-light-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_R{
  border-right: 0.063rem solid var(--border-light-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_B{
  border-bottom: 0.063rem solid var(--border-light-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_L{
  border-left: 0.063rem solid var(--border-light-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_r_dashed{
  border-right: 0.063rem dashed var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_border_b_dashed{
  border-bottom: 0.063rem dashed var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed{
  border-color: var(--border-color);
}
.paper-surface span.ltx_framed{
  display: inline-block;
  text-indent: 0;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed_rectangle:not(:empty), .paper-surface .ltx_framed_top:not(:empty), .paper-surface .ltx_framed_left:not(:empty), .paper-surface .ltx_framed_right:not(:empty), .paper-surface .ltx_framed_bottom:not(:empty), .paper-surface .ltx_framed_underline:not(:empty), .paper-surface .ltx_framed_topbottom:not(:empty){
  display: inline-block;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed_rectangle{
  border-style: solid;
  border-width: 0.063rem;
  padding-left: 0.3rem;
  padding-right: 0.3rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed_top{
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 0.063rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed_left{
  border-left-style: solid;
  border-left-width: 0.063rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed_right{
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 0.063rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed_bottom, .paper-surface .ltx_framed_underline{
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 0.063rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed_topbottom{
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 0.063rem;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 0.063rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_framed_leftright{
  border-left-style: solid;
  border-left-width: 0.063rem;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 0.063rem;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_verbatim{
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 90%;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_tag_note{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_INFO, .paper-surface .ltx_WARNING, .paper-surface .ltx_ERROR, .paper-surface .ltx_FATAL{
  text-align: left;
  display: inline;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_INFO{
  color: var(--info-text-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_WARNING{
  color: var(--warning-text-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_ERROR{
  font-weight: normal;
  color: var(--error-text-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_FATAL{
  font-weight: normal;
  color: var(--fatal-text-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_rdf{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_missing, .paper-surface .ltx_nounicode{
  color: var(--error-text-color);
}
.paper-surface .ltx_nodisplay{
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_missing_label{
  color: var(--warning-text-color);
}
.paper-surface merror.ltx_ERROR{
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  background-color: var(--background-color);
}
.paper-surface mjx-merror{
  background-color: var(--background-color) !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_item:has(> .ltx_para > .ltx_p > math mrow:nth-of-type(7)), .paper-surface .ltx_p:has(> math mrow:nth-of-type(7)){
  text-align: left;
}
.paper-surface mfrac > *{
  font-size: inherit;
  padding: 0.1em;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_section:has(> .ltx_title_section:only-child):has(+ .ltx_bibliography){
  display: none;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_th .ltx_parbox, .paper-surface .ltx_tr .ltx_parbox{
  width: initial !important;
}
.paper-surface .ltx_para.ltx_minipage.ltx_align_center{
  margin: auto;
  display: block;
}